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There's a tool called blkid (use it as root or with sudo),

# blkid /dev/sda1

/dev/sda1: LABEL="/" UUID="ee7cf0a0-1922-401b-a1ae-6ec9261484c0" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3"

you can check this link for more info

The best command to use is
lsblk -f.
It will list all the devices and partitions, how they are mounted (if at all) and the tree structure of the devices in the case of using LVM, crypto_LUKS, or multiple volume groups on the same drive.

This works for me:

ls -la /dev/disk/by-uuid

If you want to check what type the partition is, use:

df -Th

and it will show you if you have ext3 or ext2. Today it helped me because there was a formatted ext2 partition and I thought it was ext3, which was causing the mount to fail.

To only get the UUID of a specific disk device (for example to be used in a script) you can use:

sudo blkid -s UUID -o value /dev/sdXY

where /dev/sdXY is the name of the device.

lsblk -o +uuid,name

You can see all the outputs that can be added to the -o (--output) with

lsblk --help

Also this will do the job

# blkid

The previous answers do not work for multiple devices or for devices with identical UUIDs.

Try this:

sudo blkid /dev/sd*

With the following command line you can see UUID plus the mapping to partitions.

ls /dev/disk/by-uuid -lt



lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep  1 18:51 57eacf4e-1940-436e-b945-85f8d4833aa5 -> ../../sda2

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep  1 18:51 656f4cae-8527-43a0-a80f-00ac82818744 -> ../../sda1

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Sep  1 18:51 d627595d-4060-440e-8380-a1fe9f3f2a81 -> ../../md0

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep  1 18:51 0dfd6dfe-1852-460d-852c-676a5b9035ed -> ../../sda4

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 10 Sep  1 18:51 b1ddf850-8f81-429f-a653-38ae4a4ebb6f -> ../../sda3

lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root  9 Sep  1 18:51 b4b729f7-5699-411c-8f5a-424bbc7c89fc -> ../../sdb

I have the same problem as you:
renaming by kernel of /dev/sd** after a reboot:

Of course all my automatic mounting in /etc/fstab are referenced by LABEL or by UUID, so basically there is no problem for that.
And all the commands above ,blkid or lsblk, give this kind of information.

But the trouble begins as in my case, when you are using partition in RAW mode, in the currently booted system point-of-view:
for example either:
the partition is used as raw device, to make a virtual disk for VirtualBox
(so the reference to this partition is something like: /dev/sdf3)
or
the partition is used as raw device, to make a LUN for iSCSI
(so the reference to this partition is something like: /dev/sdc6)

So now at boot , for example in rc.local, you have to find in a reliable manner, what is the /dev/sdXX device of your dedicated RAW partition, and adapt some file:

EXAMPLE 1

The VirtualBox disk *.vmk description of this raw disk, in the part something like:

# Extent description

RW 488397167 FLAT "/dev/sdXX" 0

and then restart the VirtualBox service

EXAMPLE 2

in tgtd configuration, a target :target0 was associated to /dev/sdd6 at build time.
After reboot you get the same partition renamed /deb/sdc6
This happens with a removable disk, USB or eSATA!
So how to find the new device automatically ?
Again in /etc/rc.d/rc.local

So in this case we need a reliable manner to find what is the new device name.
GPT partition offers unique GUID for any GPT partition, written in GPT table.

gdisk does not provide this info with listing mode, but only in interactive mode with: i command. Fortunately, blkid does it!

So you need to write a shell script, to look in all your disks, which is the device /dev/sdXX, associated to the GUID noticed at partition creation time.

Something like, search_device_by_partUUID.sh:

#!/bin/bash



PART_UUID=$1

if [ "$PART_UUID" = "" ]

then

    echo "Syntax: $0 <a valid partition UUID>"

    exit 3

fi

lsblk | grep '^sd' | awk '{print $1}' | while read DISK_DEVICE

do 

    INFO=`blkid /dev/${DISK_DEVICE}* | grep "PARTUUID="$PART_UUID"" `

    if [ "$INFO" != "" ]

    then

        echo INFO : "$INFO"

        BLK_DEVICE=`echo "$INFO" | awk '{print $1}'`

        echo $BLK_DEVICE > /dev/shm/blkdevice

        echo -n "BLK_DEVICE : " ; cat /dev/shm/blkdevice

    fi

done

and then use /dev/shm/blkdevice, in your rc.local script.

To see the uuid of a hard disk partition I just boot the system up with a Linux CD and goto my computer mount, click on, the partition I want to see.
The uuid number of the Linux partition will be displayed.

You can also see disk uuid by running Linux Disk utility after the Linux CD boot up.

you can use;
xfs_admin -u /dev/sdx